Extended examinations of how institutions behave over a decade: budgets, headcount, capability, and the quiet erosion or recovery of state capacity. Sources are audit offices, statistical agencies and comparative studies. Intended for policy researchers, funders and senior officials who need trend evidence rather than a weekly snapshot.
An indicator is an estimate with an error bar and a revision schedule. Coverage, confidence intervals, vintage, and seasonal adjustment decide whether a headline means anything.
Formal program evaluation ratings promised a budget driven by evidence. The record shows why the tool was retired — and where the rating impulse went next.
The 2018 law ordered agencies to inventory their data, name chief data officers, and open what can be opened — the quiet work is behind schedule and genuinely changing how government knows itself.